I just installed Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (Cinnamon) on an empty laptop a couple days ago and have been experimenting a lot. I’m coming from being a Windows user since I was just a little kid playing old DOS games on my grandpa’s Win-98 PC back in around 2000. My daily driver is currently running Windows 10 but I am pretty adamant on not going with Win-11. I’ve been wanting to experiment with Linux for a while and Cinnamon so far seems like a lot of fun to navigate. Terminal is amazing. The fact that you can custom-write keyboard commands that can be hand-tailored to individual programs on your computer via the OS… that’s powerful.
I have not tried running WINE yet but I plan on doing so soon. I also have not done much of anything, honestly, except for learning how to search for programs with gnome-software --search=
. I have also used sudo
a couple times to download software here and there, but I know I am not tackling this in as systematic of a way as I ought to be to really figure this machine out.
What are some really important basic commands I can use to start branching out into Terminal command structures and learning more about how I can edit and customize my computer? And if Cinnamon has shortfalls or weaknesses that I may run into eventually, what are some good alternative distros that I could leapfrog to eventually? I do not have any coding experience (currently), but I do consider myself a semi-power-user on Windows, having messed with CMD many times and digging through all the damn menus to access drivers and alter ports.
do not copy paste commands you do not uderstand from shady forums in hope it will solve your problem :)
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Try a few distros before settling down - setting things up a few times is a good way to get to know the ins and outs better. Try something other than plain Ubuntu - I really enjoyed Mint and PopOS personally, both of which are forks of Ubuntu. In my first 6 months I tried around 4-5 different Ubuntu family distros, and that was such an important learning experience for me.
If you want to use wine, get bottles instead of running plain wine. The dependencies are much easier to manage, and you can run separate configurations of wine. As I know from personal experience, the sandboxing also helps prevent you fucking your computer up.
On that note, backup your stuff - set it to do it automatically daily.
Look up some terminal games - there are a few that are designed to help you learn. I don’t remember the names (I’m down to track them down later if that would help), but in particular I remember an SSH-based file searching game and a folder exploration dungeon crawler themed game.
Learning commands is less useful than understanding how Linux is setup, but it’ll all come together with time - just keep playing around with it and learning new things.
On that note, backup your stuff - set it to do it automatically daily.
Mainly
/home/
. As long as you have a backup of that, you can usually recover almost everything if something goes wrong by just installing all the same software. Configs, documents, downloads, saves, and so on are almost always stored in /home.Better if /home is installed on a seperate partition
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Terminal games… Suicide linux anyone?
QubesOS
Ctrl+R to search your bash history. I hate how long I went without knowing this, so I’ve always got to spread the word about it.
Jfc…I’ve been using Linux for almost 2 decades…and TIL
if you use zsh, typing the first part of the command and then using the up arrow searches through the history for commands with the same starting characters
This one I knew, but only because I accidentally tapped up instead of right one time
I think I’ve learned and forgotten that tidbit a couple of times. It’s something that I need to do seldom enough that when I finally do, I don’t remember the keybind .
My main recommendation is this - The more techsavvy you are, the harder a switch to Linux will be, because you know how to do some complex things on Windows, and now you’ll have to relearn it on Linux.
Take your time, Google lots, and just know the ceiling on Linux is much higher for power users, so getting over the initial hump will reward you greatly
Do NOT add too many third party repos, they’re a pain in the ass to remove later.
Try distrobox.
With the terminal, use the option
--help
or view it’s man pages withman (command you want to know more about)
to avoid having to search the Internet just to find out how commands work. You may find the terminology of certain things strange or may not understand how certain things are described at first, but you’ll have a much better understanding of how everything works when you know how to look up what exacly something does. Oh and inman
use u and d to scroll up and down and/(searchword)
to search, that makes looking up stuff a lot faster, pressq
or Ctrl-D to quitregarding WINE, there’s tools like Bottles that make managing WINE easier. Steam in general configures WINE for you which meant in my experience you never need to mess with WINE directly, which is nice.
And proton up!
Proton up is great for edge cases, but had a few issues with GE proton causing wine prefix folders to corrupt themselves so I tend to avoid anything but (official) Proton experimental, which usually receives upstream patches eventually!
Isn’t Bottlles deprecated?
Nope! Still actively developed. I did check the website and git repo just to be sure and both are updated.
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Honestly, one of the best things you could do is use Linux Mint instead of Ubuntu. It’s a lot more new user friendly.
I second this, mint is much user friendly than the current Ubuntu.
The Linux community is indeed remarkable, but the multitude of available distributions can sometimes give an impression of fragmentation. When you discover the distribution that best fits your needs, it’s important to remember not to take it personally. Avoid developing a bias towards your chosen distribution as it could potentially lead to unnecessary conflicts with others who prefer different distributions within the community.
My advice is to search the Internet for some good resources on how to learn the Bash programming language, or else the “POSIX shell” (which is very slightly different from Bash). This is the command line language used by most Linux distros by default. POSIX shell is a complete programming language with built-in data structures, control flow like conditionals (
if
statements) and loop syntax such asfor
andwhile
, and function composition by way of shell pipes. Combine these with tools likefind
andgrep
and you can accomplish quite a lot with just a single line of code.Also, I highly recommend you practice using Vi or Vim as a text editor until you get somewhat fluent. It isn’t strictly required, but I recommend it simply because most people who use Linux as their daily driver also use these tools, and it helps a lot when communicating with other people in the Linux community, especially when it comes to solving problems. You want some fluency in using apps that the majority of people in your community are using. Also it is a good place to practice writing shell scripts.
Also not required, but learn a bit about Emacs as well. Learn how to use Dired (an Emacs app for working with
ls
output interactively), learn how to open an edit a file from Dired, learn how to runfind
andgrep
from within Emacs. Learn how to run shell commands in Emacs and capture their log output. Also learn a bit about how to use Org-mode. (Shameless plug: I have my own series of blog posts on how to do these things.) This handful of basic skills will get you a very, very long way.I can’t comment much on customizing Cinnamon, but Cinnamon uses the Gtk toolkit, and so you can use any of the good Gtk themes out there to customize Cinnamon. Check out the UnixPorn community for more in-depth advice on that topic.
KDE is your friend in the trenches, Kubuntu > Ubuntu 100%
Regardless of whatever distro, definitely keep all your stuff backed up on an external drive. I had to “restart” my install a few times to get the hang of things. Yet I still keep all my info on an Vegacrypt encrypted external just in case to this day.
Snap is cringe, KDE neon > Kubuntu 200%.
Seriously though, I love kde neon so much. KDE being rolling release is a bit confusing at first, but you basically get the best of both worlds in terms of rolling and LTS releases.
I suggest to watch the package manager commands (probably ‘apt --help’) and use it for your packages. Package stuff is what I use the most in the terminal.
unshare -nc followed by a command will run that program without network access. Very useful if you’re running trash in Wine
Don’t chmod recursively on a whole lot of files if you don’t know what you are doing. Also rm is a very powerful command, be wary. Lastly, piping to grep can be very helpful.
Yeah, if there’s a -r (sometimes -R) in the command line, be careful: it means ‘recursive’, and it’s gonna do it to all the files.
Likewise with
*
. It’s a wildcard meaning “match everything”. I think that’s widely understood?
Remember to play. There are multiple terminal emulators, window managers, shells, all the things! Try 'em out. When installing stuff to test via distro package, keep note of which dependencies were dragged in so you can get rid if all of them, not just the thing you wanted to test. Also keep a list of what you tested and later got rid of (and why) so you avoid testing it again.
If you ever ssh into other machines to do stuff, learn the minimum of vi (classic w/no arrow keys, not vim) and bash. Servers “always” have those (though FreeBSD also has tcsh).